The main focus of the Treaty of Versailles following World War I was to establish peace and outline the terms for rebuilding Europe. Signed on June 28, 1919, the treaty imposed significant reparations and territorial losses on Germany, including the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France and the creation of new nations from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The treaty aimed to prevent future conflict but is often criticized for its harsh terms, which fostered resentment in Germany. The treaty's establishment of the League of Nations was intended to promote international cooperation, although it ultimately failed to ensure lasting peace, setting the stage for World War II.