The major consequence of the Great Wall of China was its role in defense against invasions from nomadic tribes and military incursions from the north. The Great Wall was built, renovated, and expanded over several dynasties, showcasing China's efforts to protect its agricultural heartland from external threats. Beyond military significance, the Wall symbolized the strength and unity of the Chinese state, serving as a deterrent for invaders. It also had economic implications, as the wall facilitated control over trade routes and immigration, significantly shaping social and political landscapes over centuries.