The primary focus of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s was to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Activists sought to secure equal rights under the law, particularly through nonviolent protests, legal challenges, and grassroots organizing. Key events included the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the March on Washington, and the sit-in movements. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X emerged during this period, advocating for social justice and equality. The movement led to significant legislative victories, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which dramatically transformed American society.