The feudal system was a hierarchical structure that dominated medieval Europe, particularly from the 9th to the 15th centuries. It was characterized by the exchange of land for military service and loyalty. Lords granted land, or fiefs, to vassals, who, in return, provided military support and services. This system established clear social classes, with the king at the top, followed by nobles, knights, and peasants. The feudal system created a local, agrarian economy and fostered a sense of loyalty and obligation among the classes. However, as commerce and cities grew, feudalism eventually weakened, paving the way for more centralized forms of governance.