The last Pharaoh of Egypt was Cleopatra VII, who reigned from 51 BC until her death in 30 BC. Her reign was marked by political alliances and romantic liaisons with influential Roman leaders, including Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Cleopatra's rule ended with the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra by Octavian's forces at the Battle of Actium. Following her death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, signaling the end of ancient Egyptian sovereignty and the Hellenistic period. Cleopatra is often romanticized in literature and film as a powerful and tragic figure in history.