The end of the Reconstruction Era is generally marked by the Compromise of 1877, which effectively concluded the federal government's efforts to rebuild the South after the Civil War. This political agreement arose from the disputed 1876 presidential election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden. In exchange for Democratic support for Hayes's presidency, Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South. This withdrawal signified a rollback of the efforts to protect the rights of African Americans, leading to the rise of Jim Crow laws and systemic disenfranchisement and discrimination against Black citizens in the South.