The ancient civilization known for pioneering farming techniques that led to agricultural expansion is Mesopotamia, often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization." Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, it was here that the development of agriculture fundamentally transformed human society. Innovations such as irrigation, the plow, and crop rotation enabled surplus food production, which in turn supported the growth of cities and complex societies. The agricultural practices developed in Mesopotamia laid the groundwork for future civilizations.