The civilization known for its pyramid-building in Mesoamerica is the Maya. The Maya built impressive pyramids as part of their cities, which served as religious temples and burial sites for their rulers. These structures are notable for their elaborate architectural design and are often associated with their complex understanding of astronomy and mathematics. The most famous sites include Tikal, Chichen Itza, and Palenque, demonstrating the Maya's advanced societal organization and cultural achievements that thrived from approximately 2000 BC to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century.