The civilization known for the Code of Hammurabi is ancient Babylon, which emerged in Mesopotamia around 1754 BCE. This legal code, established by King Hammurabi, is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length and comprises 282 laws covering various aspects of daily life, including trade, family relations, and justice. The Code is renowned for its principle of retribution, often summarized as "an eye for an eye." It laid an early foundation for the concept of justice and organized law in future civilizations, influencing legal systems throughout history and contributing to notions of rights and governance.