The event that led to the overthrow of the last monarch in France was the French Revolution, which began in 1789. The revolution was fueled by social inequality, economic hardship, and widespread discontent with King Louis XVI's reign. A series of events, including the storming of the Bastille and the establishment of the National Assembly, culminated in the king's trial and execution in 1793. This dramatic shift dismantled the feudal system and ignited a wave of political and social upheaval across Europe, promoting ideas of liberty and equality that resonated worldwide.