The period known for the flourishing of the arts and sciences in Europe during the 14th to 17th centuries is called the Renaissance. This era marked a revival of interest in classical learning and values, originating in Italy and spreading throughout Europe. It fostered significant advancements in literature, visual arts, and scientific inquiry, with notable figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo. The Renaissance led to profound cultural transformations, reshaping perspectives on art, humanism, and the role of individuals in society, thus influencing the future of Western civilization.