The transition from feudalism to capitalism was marked by the Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century. This period saw a shift from agrarian economies reliant on feudal systems to industrialized economies focused on manufacturing and trade. Mechanization, the rise of factories, and innovations in transportation (like the steam engine) catalyzed urbanization and changed labor dynamics. Capital accumulation, wage labor, and the market economy emerged, fundamentally transforming social structures and economic relationships, paving the way for modern capitalist societies.