The English king forced to abdicate in 1688 during the Glorious Revolution was King James II. His reign faced significant opposition due to his pro-Catholic policies and perceived abuses of power, leading to widespread discontent among Protestant factions. Tensions escalated when he attempted to consolidate power and promote Catholicism within a predominantly Protestant nation. In response, William of Orange, invited by Protestant leaders, invaded England. James fled to France, and William and his wife Mary were offered the throne, marking a shift toward constitutional monarchy and ensuring the supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy.