Julius Caesar was the famous Roman general known for his campaigns in Gaul, which significantly expanded the Roman territory and showcased his military prowess. His conquest of Gaul, documented in his own writings, brought vast wealth and resources to Rome while also increasing his political power. Caesar's successes on the battlefield established him as one of the most formidable leaders of the Roman Republic. However, his rise ultimately led to political tensions and his assassination in 44 B.C., which significantly affected the course of Roman history and contributed to the transition from Republic to Empire.