The famous scientist known for his contributions to physics during the Renaissance was Galileo Galilei. Often referred to as the "father of modern observational astronomy," Galileo made groundbreaking advancements in various scientific fields, including motion and telescope technology. His observations of celestial bodies, such as the moons of Jupiter, challenged existing astronomical models and supported Copernican heliocentrism. Galileo's use of the scientific method has had a lasting influence on scientific inquiry, making him a central figure in the scientific revolution of the 17th century.