The famous scientist noted for her study of radioactivity was Marie Curie. Born in Poland in 1867, Curie was a pioneering physicist and chemist who conducted groundbreaking research on radioactive elements, particularly radium and polonium, which she discovered along with her husband, Pierre Curie. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields: Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911. Curie's work laid the foundation for future research in nuclear physics and medicine, significant for advances in cancer treatment and understanding atomic structure.