The influential Chinese leader known for his radical reforms was Deng Xiaoping, who spearheaded China's transition to a market economy in the late 20th century. Taking power after Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Deng implemented policies that encouraged foreign investment, private enterprise, and modernization while maintaining strict political control. His reforms, famously encapsulated in the phrase "Socialism with Chinese characteristics," propelled significant economic growth and lifted millions out of poverty, transforming China into a global economic powerhouse. However, this rapid growth came with challenges, including environmental issues and social disparities, reflecting the complexities of balancing economic reform with the Communist Party's political structure.