The key figure behind India's independence movement was Mahatma Gandhi, who championed the principles of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. Gandhi's leadership galvanized millions in the struggle against British colonial rule. His philosophy, deeply rooted in satyagraha, emphasized the need for peaceful protest and moral integrity. Through campaigns such as the Salt March, Gandhi played a crucial role in mobilizing public support and ultimately led to India achieving independence in 1947.