The last Tsar of Russia before the Russian Revolution was Nicholas II. He ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during World War I. Nicholas II’s reign witnessed significant social unrest, political corruption, and economic hardship, exacerbated by military defeats and the pressures of modernity. His inability to effectively address the grievances of the Russian people contributed to growing revolutionary sentiments. In the wake of the February Revolution, he was forced to abdicate the throne, leading to the end of the Romanov dynasty. Nicholas II and his family were eventually executed by Bolsheviks in 1918, marking a significant turning point in Russian history.