The main author of the Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, was Karl Marx, with the assistance of Friedrich Engels. The manifesto outlined the principles of Marxism, advocating for the working class's collective struggle against capitalism and the bourgeoisie. It called for the overthrow of capitalist societies and the establishment of a classless and stateless society where the means of production are communally owned. The Communist Manifesto had a profound impact on political thought, inspiring revolutionary movements worldwide. Its ideas continue to resonate, reflecting the ongoing debates about capitalism, class struggle, and social justice through the ages.