The primary architect of the Indian independence movement was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, widely known as Mahatma Gandhi. He employed non-violent civil disobedience as a powerful strategy against British colonial rule. Gandhi's philosophy promoted peaceful resistance and aimed to unify diverse Indian groups under the cause of independence, leading mass movements such as the Salt March in 1930. His commitment to truth, non-violence, and social justice inspired millions and laid the foundation for India's eventual independence in 1947.