The ruler during the majority of the French Revolution was King Louis XVI. Ascending to the throne in 1774, he faced immense financial crisis and widespread discontent, leading to mounting tensions with the populace. His attempts at reform, including tax changes and calling the Estates-General, were seen as inadequate. The revolution escalated during 1789, culminating in his eventual arrest and execution by guillotine in 1793. Louis XVI's inability to adapt to the political changes and demands for reform played a critical role in the revolution, serving as a catalyst for France's transition from monarchy to republic.