The primary challenge faced by the hero Odysseus during his journey home is the struggle against numerous obstacles, both supernatural and mortal. From the wrath of gods like Poseidon to creatures such as the Cyclops and Sirens, each encounter tests his intellect and resolve. Odysseus also grapples with the temptation to abandon his journey, reflecting the universal themes of desire and commitment. Ultimately, his perseverance exemplifies the human capacity to overcome great challenges while remaining loyal to his ultimate goal of returning home to Ithaca.