The Greek hero known for his twelve labors is Heracles (or Hercules in Roman mythology). These labors served as a penance and showcased his immense strength, courage, and resilience. The tasks included slaying the Nemean Lion, capturing the Golden Hind, and fetching the three-headed dog Cerberus. Heracles' journey is symbolic of personal growth and the quest for redemption, embodying the hero’s journey archetype prevalent in many myths.