The mythological figure known for his strength but ultimately betrayed by his love, Delilah, is Samson. A judge of Israel with immense strength derived from his uncut hair, Samson's downfall came when Delilah discovered the secret of his power and betrayed him to the Philistines. This tale serves as a cautionary narrative about the dangers of trust and the complexities of relationships, highlighting the conflict between love and loyalty versus betrayal and weakness.