The primary gods in the Roman pantheon include Jupiter, the king of the gods; Juno, the goddess of marriage and family; and Neptune, the god of the sea. Other significant deities include Mars, the god of war; Venus, the goddess of love; and Minerva, the goddess of wisdom. These gods reflect various facets of Roman life and culture, with each deity playing a key role in mythology, state rituals, and the lives of citizens through worship and cultural practices, influencing both public and private domains.