The primary gods of the Greek pantheon include figures such as Zeus, Hera, Athena, and Poseidon. Each deity represents various aspects of nature and human experience—Zeus as the ruler of the sky, Hera as the goddess of marriage, Athena embodies wisdom and war, while Poseidon is the god of the sea. Together, they illustrate the interplay of power and responsibility in mythology, shaping the moral and cultural framework of ancient Greek society through their interactions and narratives.