In most democratic countries, electoral boundaries are determined through a process called redistricting, which may be conducted by independent commissions, state legislatures, or a combination of both. This process aims to ensure fair representation in the legislature by delineating districts based on population size, demographic changes, and legal requirements. Factors such as geographic considerations and community interests are also taken into account. However, the redistricting process can be contentious, particularly when influenced by gerrymandering, where boundaries are manipulated to favor one political party over another.