Voter ID laws affect election outcomes by influencing who can participate in the electoral process. Proponents argue these laws prevent voter fraud, while critics contend they disproportionately impact marginalized groups such as minorities and low-income individuals who may lack the required identification. These laws can create barriers to voting, resulting in lower turnout rates among affected populations. Additionally, the contentious nature of these laws often sparks debates about the balance between security and accessibility in the democratic process. Understanding their implications is essential to ensure fair and inclusive elections.