Political philosophy has evolved considerably in the modern era, transitioning from classical frameworks to more nuanced theories that address contemporary challenges. Enlightenment thinkers established the foundations of liberalism, advocating for individual rights and democratic governance. The 20th century introduced critical theories, such as feminism, post-colonialism, and environmentalism, expanding the discourse to include diverse perspectives. Today, political philosophy grapples with issues like globalization, technology's impact, and social justice, reflecting a more interconnected and complex world, emphasizing the necessity of adapting philosophical thought to current realities.