Political power in a federation is distributed across multiple layers of government, typically dividing authority between a central government and regional or state governments. This structure allows for a balance of power, where both levels can legislate on various issues such as taxation, education, and healthcare. The constitution or governing document of a federation outlines the specific powers and responsibilities allocated to each level. This distribution ensures that diverse regional interests are represented while maintaining a unified national framework, supporting both local autonomy and national cohesion.