The defining characteristics of liberalism in political thought include a strong emphasis on individual freedoms, democracy, and the rule of law. Liberalism advocates for the protection of civil liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, and promotes social equality and justice. Economic principles within liberalism often favor market-driven economies, minimal government intervention, and private property rights. Furthermore, liberalism stresses the importance of representative institutions and participatory governance to empower citizens. The ideology has evolved over time but remains foundational in shaping modern democratic systems and human rights discourse globally.