Different systems of government around the world include democracy, republic, monarchy, authoritarianism, and dictatorship. In a democracy, power is held by the people, often through elected representatives. A republic similarly emphasizes elected officials but focuses on the rule of law. Monarchies can be constitutional or absolute, where a king or queen may wield significant power. Authoritarian regimes limit political freedoms, concentrating power in a central authority. Meanwhile, dictatorships involve total control by a single leader. Each system has distinct implications for citizen participation and governance.