Economic sanctions can significantly affect state relations by impacting the targeted country’s economy, often leading to social unrest or governmental instability. Sanctions may restrict trade, freeze assets, or limit access to international financial systems, creating pressure on governments to alter undesirable behaviors. However, while sanctions aim to bring about political change, they can also result in unintended consequences, such as humanitarian crises or strengthening existing regimes. Thus, the effectiveness and ethical implications of sanctions remain key areas of debate in international relations.