In international relations theory, "realism" refers to a perspective emphasizing the competitive and conflictual nature of international politics. Realists assert that states act primarily in their own national interest, focusing on power, security, and survival in an anarchic world where no central authority exists. Key concepts include the balance of power, the significance of military strength, and the inevitability of conflict between nations. Realism contrasts with idealistic approaches that emphasize cooperation and international norms. Political leaders who adopt a realist perspective prioritize pragmatic strategies that enhance their nation's position within the global arena, often at the expense of ethical considerations.