An electoral system determines how votes are cast and counted, impacting the overall outcome of elections. Various types include first-past-the-post, proportional representation, and ranked choice voting. Each system has distinct implications for representation, decision-making, and party dynamics. First-past-the-post encourages a two-party system, while proportional representation allows for more diverse party representation. The choice of electoral system can significantly influence voter engagement, policy priorities, and the effectiveness of governance, shaping the political landscape of a nation.