"Judicial activism" refers to judicial rulings demonstrating a willingness to interpret the law in light of contemporary societal needs, often leading to significant changes in public policy. Activist judges may prioritize individual rights and social justice, stepping beyond traditional interpretations to address injustices. This concept contrasts with judicial restraint, where courts strictly adhere to the text of laws without considering changing social contexts. Judicial activism can catalyze reforms but may also raise concerns about the balance of power between the judiciary and other government branches.