"Political upheaval" refers to a situation characterized by significant and often abrupt changes in the political landscape, including regime change, civil unrest, or revolutions. It typically arises when there is widespread discontent with the current government, leading to challenges against authority and established norms. Such upheavals can result from various factors, including economic crises, social inequalities, or violations of human rights. The consequences of political upheaval can be profound, potentially leading to instability, reforms, or the establishment of new political orders, significantly altering the social fabric and governance structures of a nation.