State sovereignty refers to the authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions free from external interference. This concept emphasizes the independence and autonomy of states in international relations, allowing them to enact laws, control resources, and establish diplomatic policies. State sovereignty is fundamental to the principles of international law, where countries are recognized as equal entities within the global system. However, challenges such as globalization, humanitarian interventions, and transnational organizations can complicate the exercise of sovereignty, leading to debates on its limitations.