Political apathy refers to the lack of interest or engagement in political processes by citizens, often resulting in low voter turnout and diminished civic participation. Its effects on democracy can be detrimental, as widespread apathy leads to underrepresentation of certain groups and weakened accountability of elected officials. When citizens are disengaged, it opens the door for more extreme or unrepresentative political agendas to dominate the discourse. Apathy undermines the fundamental principles of democracy, as active participation is crucial for ensuring responsive governance and protecting civil liberties and rights.