The concept of checks and balances in a political system refers to the mechanisms that ensure that no single branch of government becomes too powerful. It involves the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Each branch has specific powers and responsibilities and can exercise oversight over the others. For instance, the legislature can create laws while the executive can veto them, and the judiciary can interpret and rule on their constitutionality. This framework promotes accountability and prevents abuses of power, thereby reinforcing democratic governance and protecting individual rights.