The difference between hard power and soft power in foreign policy lies in their methods of influence. Hard power refers to the use of military and economic force to achieve national interests, such as intervening in conflicts or imposing sanctions. In contrast, soft power relies on persuasion and attraction, utilizing cultural influence, diplomacy, and values to shape the preferences of other nations. Both strategies can be effective in achieving foreign policy goals, but a balanced approach, often termed smart power, combines both hard and soft elements for comprehensive strategies.