Non-state actors—including NGOs, multinational corporations, and terrorist groups—exert substantial influence on international politics. These entities can challenge state sovereignty by addressing issues such as human rights, environmental policy, and global security that transcend national borders. They often serve as key players in conflict resolution and negotiation processes, mobilizing resources and expertise that states may lack. Additionally, they can affect public opinion and policy agendas through advocacy and direct action. As a result, the role of non-state actors introduces complexities to traditional notions of power and authority in the international arena.