Disenfranchisement refers to the process through which individuals or groups are deprived of their right to vote or participate in the electoral process. This often disproportionately affects marginalized communities, leading to political exclusion. Factors contributing to disenfranchisement can include restrictive voter ID laws, purging of voter rolls, and systematic barriers that emerge from racial or economic inequalities. Addressing disenfranchisement is essential for achieving a fair and inclusive democratic system.