The phenomenon of political polarization involves the growing divide and hostility between different political factions or ideologies. This occurs when individuals increasingly align with extreme positions, resulting in diminished compromise and collaboration. Polarization often manifests in partisan rhetoric, social media echo chambers, and a fragmented political landscape. The implications can be severe, leading to gridlock in governance, erosion of trust in institutions, and the rise of political extremism. Understanding polarization is critical for addressing contemporary challenges in democracy and promoting a more unified political discourse.