The significance of the Bill of Rights in American politics lies in its protection of individual liberties against government infringement. Ratified in 1791, these first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, as well as protections against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Bill of Rights serves as a vital check on government power, ensuring that the rights of individuals are enshrined in law. Its impact continues today, guiding judicial interpretation and debates on civil liberties, thus shaping the landscape of American democracy.