The first woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize was Marie Curie, awarded in 1903 for her contributions to radioactivity. However, the first woman to receive it specifically for peace activism was Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner in 1905. Her advocacy for disarmament and peace negotiations made her a significant figure in the peace movement during a time when women's roles were often limited. Her work emphasized the importance of international cooperation in resolving conflicts and promoting global peace.