In anatomy, the study of the structure and function of human bones is called osteology. This branch of anatomy focuses on the skeletal system, including the development, growth, and diseases of bones. Osteologists examine the morphology of bones, their interconnections, and their roles in protecting internal organs, supporting the body, and facilitating movement through joints. Knowledge of osteology is essential in fields like medicine, anthropology, and forensics, as it aids in understanding human health, evolution, and injury analysis.