The study of genes and their functions falls under the field of genetics. This branch of biology examines heredity, genetic variation, and the molecular mechanisms that govern the expression and regulation of genes. Geneticists investigate how traits are inherited through generations, the role of DNA and RNA, and the impact of external factors on gene expression. Research in genetics can lead to advancements in areas such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology, enhancing our understanding of life at the molecular level.