A diploid organism is one that has two complete sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. In humans and many other organisms, diploidy is the standard condition, represented as 2n. This genetic configuration allows for greater genetic diversity through sexual reproduction, as the combination of alleles from both parents contributes to the offspring's genetic makeup. Diploid organisms undergo meiosis to produce haploid gametes, which are crucial for reproduction and maintaining chromosome number across generations.